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My AC fan stopped working. To be fair it DID show some signs of dying, having stopped a few month prior, but started working again after a few minutes. I'm sure the blower is dead since I get the 01273 - Fresh Air Blower (V2) error, but I also got some other weird codes:

00706 - Relay for Coolant Fan: Stage 2 (j513) - Open or Short to Ground -> for which I can't find much on the web
00819 - High Pressure Sensor (G65) - Implausible signal -> for which I found it could be related to the AC being stuck in ECON mode so maybe it's because my fan is dead or something?

My question is, did the fan die because of those errors, or did the dying fan cause those errors?

I did clear the codes and waited a bit to see if one pops up again and only the 01273 error appeared.

I'd think that your first job will be to get the cabin fan motor out and test it first by checking that it can rotate freely, then connecting it up to 12V DC. Obviously while it out you will be able to check if any "stuff" has got into the area near the fan and stopping it rotating.

Initially though maybe remove the pollen filter and check if you can reach your fingers up and check that the fan rotates freely.

Next, the "cooling fan stage 2" - there are many bits of info on this in the internet, maybe use "golf cooling fan problems" as a search phrase as all these cars have used the same or near enough same systems for controlling these fan(s) or fan speed. Using the advice you find to first fit a link to bring on the first fan or if only one fan, the slow speed, and then move the link to try to run both fans or fan high speed, it could be that there are separate fuses for both "slow" and "fast" fan supplies, even one or both under the bonnet in a small box. The fan controller modules can and do fail.

Next, the fridge gas pressure sensor, these parts do fail, but if the gas charge is low then that should get logged as an issue.

Edit:- until you have proved otherwise, I could believe that each of these 3 issues are completely different and so not related in any way.

Is it normal for the engine cooling fans to show up in the HVAC module? I had no codes in the Engine module.

There does seem to be 2 fuses for engine coolant blower under the bonnet. I'll check them to make sure they are not blown

That fan or that fan speed is used for both cooling a very hot engine AND dumping the heat from the AC condenser, so maybe, just maybe, if it has failed to pull the fridge gas charge pressure down when that was in use, then the HVAC system could be detecting that it was faulty - that is a guess, but a guess with some logic included.

So I tested the fan by turning on the AC when the engine was cold-ish. When the AC is on the engine fan starts spinning so it's working. I've yet to check if the codes appeared again with vcds.